Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory effects of Hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of Thymus carmanicus in male mice

     Differentspecies of Thymusare capable of producing various pharmacological effects. The present paper aimsto investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of areal parts of Thymus Carmanicus Jalas.In this experimental research, using the formalin,writhing and tail immersion tests, anti-inflammatory effectswere  studied in micebyxylene-induced ear edemaand mercury immersion methods. Male NMRI mice weighing 20-25g were dividedinto five groups: negative control, positive control and three experimental groups, being injectedintraperitoneally by 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extracts of Thymus carmanicus. The most effective dose of the extract was selected for the possible involvement of opioidergic systems. Animalsubjects were studied by pretreatment of opioid antagonist, naloxone. The data were analyzed throughANOVA and Tukey's test.Results indicated that in the formalin test,  thedoses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg of theextract significantly reduced the score of analgesic in experimental groups(P<0.001).Meanwhile, pretreatment with naloxone inhibited some of the extract induced antinociceptive effects in comparison to controlgroup.In writhing and hot tail immersion tests,all doses of theextract significantly alleviatedpain in experimental groups(P<0.01).  Moreover, the xylene-induced ear edema (P<0.001)as well asfoot edema in mercury immersion method was considerably reduced(P<0. 05). This study not onlyshowedthathydroalcoholic extract of areal parts of Thymuscarmanicus hasanalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects but also indicated that some of the antinociceptive properties of Thymus carmanicus are mediated by opioidergic mechanism, which in turn validated the traditional uses of the plant in the treatment of pain

Enhanced Statistical Modelling For Variable Bit Rate Video Traffic Generated From Scalable Video Codec

Mereka bentuk rangkaian yang berkesan dan berprestasi tinggi memerlukan pencirian dan pemodela punca trafik rangkaian yang tepat. Tesis ini menyediakan satu kajian tentang penghantaran, pemodelan dan analisis video variable bit rate (VBR) yang merupakan asas reka bentuk protokol dan penggunaan rangkaian yang cekap dalam penghantaran video. Dengan ini, satu model trafik video VBR yang dikodkan oleh scalable video codec (SVC) telah dicadangkan. EDAR (1) dapat menjana siri video dengan tepat di mana siri ini bersifat seakan-akan trafik video yang sebenar. Model ini telah disahkan dengan menggunakan pelbagai statistik untuk membandingkan jejak simulasi da asal. Pengesahan ini telah dilakukan melalui pengukuran grafik (Quantile-Quantile plot) dan statistik (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Jumlah Ralat Berganda (SSE), dan Kecekapan Relatif (RE)) serta pengesahan secara bersilang. Designing an effective and high performance network requires an accurate characterization and modelling of the network traffic. This work involves the analysis and modelling of the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) of video traffic, usually described as the core of the protocol design and efficient network utilization for video transmissions. In this context, an Enhanced Discrete Autoregressive (EDAR (1)) model for the VBR video traffic model, which is encoded by a Scalable Video Codec (SVC), has been proposed. The EDAR (1) model was able to accurately generate video sequences, which are very close to the actual video traffic in terms of accuracy. The model is validated using statistical tests in order to compare simulated and original traces. The validation is done using graphical (Quantile-Quantile plot) and statistical measurements (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Sum of Squared Error, and Relative Efficiency), as well as cross-validation

Statistical Analysis of Video Frame Size Distribution Originating from Scalable Video Codec (SVC)

Designing an effective and high performance network requires an accurate characterization and modeling of network traffic.The modeling of video frame sizes is normally applied in simulation studies and mathematical analysis and generating streams for testing and compliance purposes. Besides, video traffic assumed as a major source of multimedia traffic in future heterogeneous network. Therefore, the statistical distribution of video data can be used as the inputs for performance modeling of networks. The finding of this paper comprises the theoretical definition of distribution which seems to be relevant to the video trace in terms of its statistical properties and finds the best distribution using both the graphical method and the hypothesis test.The data set used in this article consists of layered video traces generating from Scalable Video Codec (SVC) video compression technique of three different movies

Early Diagnosis and Intervention for Hearing Loss in Newborns Discharged from Intensive Care Units: a Four-year Follow-up Study in North of Iran

Background Hearing loss is the most common congenital disorder the incidence of which is further increased in the presence of risk factors for hearing loss among newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The aim of this study was early diagnosis and intervention for hearing loss in newborns discharged from NICU. Materials and Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted on 3,362 newborns discharged from the NICU in several hospitals in Babol, Iran. Each newborn was evaluated through the transient evoked otoacoustic emission (T) EOAE test. In the absence of any result, retests including TEOAE and diagnostic auditory brainstem response (ABR) were conducted. In case of hearing loss, intervention programs including hearing aids fitting and cochlear implant were considered for infants. Each newborn infant was follow-up for four years. The infant’s age was also calculated during the hearing loss diagnosis and the intervention program. Results Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was diagnosed in 35 (1.04%) of the infants at an average age of 105.65 + 96.72 days. Most of hearing loss diagnosis (51.43%) was before the age of 3 months. Hearing aids were fitted for 25 infants (80.64%) with a mean age of 9.61 + 7.64 months. Cochlear implants were done for two (8%) children. At the end of the follow up, all of the children except one case (3.22%) were able to use verbal communication. Conclusion Hearing screening of the high risk NICU graduate babies has reduced the age of hearing loss diagnosis to 3 months. The presence of severe to profound hearing loss in this population highlights the importance of early diagnosis and intervention